What is an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA)?
An Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) is a prerequisite for entry imposed by certain countries on visa-exempt travelers. It is not a physical document but rather a digital document that can be conveniently obtained online. The ETA acts as a security measure and a preliminary assessment conducted by these countries through interconnected electronic systems linked to security databases. Its purpose is to identify any potential risks posed by these visa-exempt travelers, encompassing aspects such as security concerns, illegal immigration, and even public health hazards.
The concept of electronic travel authorization systems gained global recognition in 1996 when Australia introduced the first electronic system for travel authorizations. Following Australia’s pioneering initiative, numerous countries have adopted similar systems. For instance, in 2008, the United States launched the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), while Canada introduced the Canadian Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) in 2015. New Zealand followed suit with the New Zealand Electronic Travel Authorization (NZeTA) in 2019. Furthermore, the United Kingdom is slated to introduce the UK Electronic Travel Authorization (UK ETA) in 2023, and the European Union is expected to join electronic travel authorization systems in 2024 through the implementation of the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS), which will be applicable for visiting the entire Schengen area.
Benefits of Electronic Travel Authorizations
Electronic travel authorizations offer various benefits to both issuing countries and eligible travelers. The main advantages of ETAs include:
Streamlined Procedures
The process of obtaining an ETA is streamlined and user-friendly. Applicants can conveniently apply online from anywhere, and the application forms are designed to be simple and intuitive. In most cases, processing times are quick, often taking just a few minutes, while some authorizations may require a few days for completion.
Cost-Effective
Electronic travel authorizations generally entail significantly lower fees compared to sticker or electronic visas. Additionally, some authorizations have extended validity periods, lasting for several years. This adds to the cost-effectiveness for applicants.
Enhanced Security
ETA systems empower countries to enhance border control measures by conducting thorough security checks on travelers prior to their arrival. This proactive approach allows for the assessment of security risks, identification of potential threats, and implementation of preemptive measures.
Flexibility of Use
ETAs often offer the convenience of multiple-entry privileges, allowing eligible travelers the freedom to make multiple visits to the issuing country within an extended validity period that can extend for several years. This flexibility provides travelers with greater convenience and adaptability.
Fees for Electronic Travel Authorizations
Application fees are a fundamental requirement for electronic travel authorizations and must be paid during the application process. However, in certain cases, specific applicant categories may be exempted from these fees. For example, the ETIAS authorization exempts applicants under 18 years and over 70 years from the application fees. Typically, fees for electronic travel authorizations vary from country to country. However, in general, these application fees are considerably lower compared to most visa types and other travel documents required for entry into specific destinations. For example, the Canadian electronic travel authorization (eTA) carries a fee of only CAD 7, whereas the fee for a temporary resident visa for Canada is CAD 100. Generally, application fees paid during the application process are non-refundable in case of rejection. However, in some cases, the fees may be divided into two parts, as in the case of the US Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), where the total cost is USD 21. This cost is divided into processing fees (USD 4, non-refundable in case of rejection) and authorization fees (USD 17, payable only upon approval of the application). It’s important to note that in addition to the official application fees, there may be additional service provider charges that applicants need to consider.
Requirements for Obtaining an Electronic Travel Authorization
Specific application requirements for ETAs may vary, but there are common fundamental prerequisites shared by the majority of electronic authorization systems. These requirements are generally straightforward and easily fulfilled by most applicants. They include: